Showing posts with label |I| Iconography. Show all posts
Showing posts with label |I| Iconography. Show all posts

Monday, May 17, 2010

Ecumenismul in arta bisericeasca

Parte centrale
La Madre di Dio in trono con Gesù e due angeli ai lati

Biserica ortodoxa la Cluj pictata de pictorul Papei

BISERICA ORTODOXĂ ”SCHIMBAREA LA FAŢĂ” - CLUJ, ROMÂNIA
Bd. Eroilor 24-26

Chiesa ortodossa della Trasfigurazione

"Pictura în spirit ecumenic este o premieră la Cluj şi vine să atenueze conflictul dintre greco-catolici şi ortodocşi, cel puţin la nivel simbolic."
Radu Preda

Biserica ortodoxă de pe Bulevardul Eroilor va fi pictată de pictorul papilor Ioan Paul al II-lea şi Benedict al XVI-lea şi de un artist plastic timişorean.

Marko Ivan Rupnik, pictorul personal al Papei Ioan Paul al II-lea şi al Papei Benedict al XVI-lea, este implicat într-un proiect artistic religios de tip ecumenic, demarat de Mitropolia Clujului, Albei, Crişanei şi Maramureşului. împreună cu artistul plastic timişorean Silviu Oravitzan, el va picta interiorul Bisericii Ortodoxe “Schimbarea la Faţă” de pe B-dul Eroilor.

Cel care a iniţiat acest proiect a fost teologul Radu Preda, de la Centrul de Cercetări Interreligioase. “E voba de un ecumenism al frumuseţii. Partea cu lemn aurit o să o facă Oravitzan, iar mozaicul catolicul iezuit, Marko Ivan Rubnik. Cei doi reuşesc să-şi îmbine stilurile pentru a crea un tot unitar”, a spus Preda. Acesta a povestit reporterului ZIUA de CLUJ şi cum s-a ajuns la această colaborare.

“Artiştii s-au întâlnit la New York, unde Oravitzan a avut o expoziţie la Muzeul de Artă Catolică, iar Rupnik le-a remarcat. De aici a venit ideea de a lucra în comun”, a spus Preda. Pictura în spirit ecumenic este o premieră la Cluj şi vine să atenueze conflictul dintre greco-catolici şi ortodocşi, cel puţin la nivel simbolic.

Cei doi artişti plastici au vizitat ieri dimineaţă biserica împreună cu Mitropolitul Bartolomeu, teologul Radu Preda, mijlocitorul acţiunii, consilierul cultural al Mitropoliei, Ştefan Iloaie şi preotul paroh Titus Moldovan. Consilierii Mitropolitului i-au arătat acestuia planşe cu viitoarele picturi şi mozaicuri ce vor împodobi biserica, iar acestea au fost analizate împreună cu pictorul Papei, timp de o oră.

“Dorim să arătăm prin această operă comună că creştinii din întreaga Europă pot să lucreze împreună. Să arătăm lumii ca îl iubim pe Dumnezeu”, a spus Rupnik. Finalizarea lucrărilor se estimează a avea loc în decembrie 2009.

Singurul pictor agreat atât de Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea, cât şi de Benedict al XVI-lea, slovenul Marko Ivan Rupnik este o personalitate complexă, în care gânditorul creştin se întâlneşte cu artistul plastic de mare talent. Profesor la Universitatea Gregoriană din Roma, Rubnik este autorul unor volume valoroase de reflecţie teologică şi artistică, cum ar fi “Arta, memorie a comuniunii”, “Cuvânt şi imagine”, “în focul rugului aprins”.

Ca artist, în afara picturii expuse în diverse oraşe europene, este autorul mozaicului monumental al Capelei Redemptoris Mater din Palatul Apostolic de la Vatican. Rupnik a venit la Cluj din partea Centrului “Aletti” de la Roma, centru de creaţie artistică religioasă condus de renumitul cardinal Thomas Spidlik. Rupnik şi Spidlik au publicat împreună în 2002 la editura Dacia un volum important de teologie intitulat “Credinţă şi Icoană”.





Marco Ivan Rupnik, pictorul Papilor Ioan Paul al ll-lea şi Benedict al Vl-lea, a venit la Cluj-Napoca să realizeze pictura interioară din Biserica „Schimbarea la Faţă”.

Proiectul este unic prin faptul că o biserică ortodoxă este pictată de un pictor catolic şi de un artist plastic român, Silviu Oravi Oravitzan.

„Vom folosi o tehnică veche, care constă în mozaic din ceramică poleit cu aur. Eu mă inspir din iconografia primului mileniu şi sper din tot sufletul ca acest proiect să reuşească, deoarece adevăratul spirit creştin este acela care ne ţine împreună”, a declarat, ieri, Marco Ivan Rupnik.

Cel care a avut ideea de a-l aduce pe Rupnik la Cluj este cunoscutul teolog Radu Preda. „Am fost în apartamentele private ale Papei de la Vatican şi în capela privată şi am văzut picturile lui Ivan Rupnik. Atunci mi-a venit ideea să îi pun la aceeaşi masă pe Silviu Oravitzan şi pe Ivan Rupnik”, a spus Radu Preda.

ICONOGRAFIA

 
Parte superiore: etimasia

 
L’angelo accanto al trono

 
Il volto della Madre di Dio

 
Cristo benedicente

Particolare dell’etimasia

 
Particolare

Etimasia

In tutte le chiese bizantine, dietro l’iconostasi c’è l’altare sul quale è sempre posta la Sacra Scrittura aperta e tutto è pronto per la santa liturgia. L’immagine più vicina all’altare è il Cristo sacerdote tra i gerarchi. Questo crea un bellissimo scenario della santa liturgia, l’unico sacerdozio è quello di Cristo che attraverso l’episcopato ininterrottamente si compie attraverso il sacerdote che entra dietro l’iconostasi per celebrare.

C’è un’ininterrotta linea da Cristo fino ad oggi che fa visibilmente percepire la dimensione transtemporale della liturgia. Ma normalmente in alto, sopra l’altare, all’interno dell’arco absidale, si trova rappresentata l’etimasía, un motivo iconografico cristiano di origine orientale, composto essenzialmente da un trono sormontato da una croce (dal greco he hetoimasía tu thrónu, “la preparazione del trono”). Si tratta del trono fatto in modo da diventare l’altare sul quale è posta la Parola di Dio. Dietro ad esso si alza la croce con i segni della passione: la corona, la lancia, il bastone con l’issopo... Accanto ci sono due angeli o due cherubini, che appartengono a quella classe di esseri celesti che si copre il volto con le ali. Il significato teologico è chiaro: lo stesso libro che è sull’altare è anche in cielo, l’autorità della sua veridicità è testimoniata dall’incarnazione e dalla passione.

Questo verbo incarnato in Gesù Cristo, morto e risorto, vive l’eterna liturgia in cielo presso il Padre. E lo stesso Cristo vive e si manifesta nel suo corpo che è la Chiesa e celebra la santa liturgia sulla terra. Si esplicitano così i due registri della liturgia del corpo di Cristo. La Chiesa attende la seconda venuta del nostro Signore quando questi verrà e si siederà sul trono, a giudicare la storia secondo la parola “come in cielo così in terra”. Il libro dell’etimasía e dell’altare è lo stesso: e il giudizio sarà sul criterio della Parola resa carne, consumata nell’amore che è la Pasqua. I segni della passione fanno da schienale al trono della Parola. La linea orizzontale, che è quella che ha portato alla passione di Cristo, si incontra così con la linea verticale che unisce il cielo alla terra. Il sacerdozio che attraversa la storia compie il suo ministero sull’asse verticale.
 
ICONOSTASUL
  
Iconostasul este realizat de artistul Silviu Oravitzan








ARHITECTURA









Surse:



Monday, February 8, 2010

Frescoes explained - Holy Trinity Serbian Orthodox Church, Butte, MT

Pantocrator – The Ruler of all (The Lord Almighty); Exodus 3:14; Revelation 1:8; 4:8

“And God said unto Moses, I am that I am: and he said, thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I Am hath sent me unto you.” (Exodus 3:14) “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.” (Revelation) 1:8 “Holy, holy, holy, Lord God the Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come.” (Revelation 4:8) When one enters the Orthodox Church, the immediate message that is conveyed is that “God is with us.” This is certainly communicated by the Fresco or image of Christ written inside the very top of the dome. In this image, He looks down on the faithful gathered in the church and blesses them with His right hand. In His left hand he holds the Scriptures opened with words: “ I am the light of the world.” John 8:12 In this fresco, Jesus Christ is depicted frontally as a half figure. His face is authoritative, but also compassionate with his eyes opened looking directly at the faithful gathered in the church. The outer robe is a blue (himation) and the inner one is a red (chiton) color symbolizing his humanity and divinity. The broad band over his right shoulder called clavus, is a remnant from the Roman imperial court that indicates high official status. On the right side of Christ’s figure is the Greek abbreviation for Jesus Christ, IC XC, Ιησους Χριστός. A halo enclosing a cross has the Greek words Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν (Exodus 3:13) in the abbreviated form ΟΩΝ, translated “I am who I am,” or “The existing One.” He is the perfect, indescribable, and absolutely transcendent God. In this icon, Jesus Christ is shown in glory to represent His Second coming. It shows Him as the Lightgiver, the Divine Teacher, instructing His followers in the word of Truth. Having in mind the oval shape of the domes in Orthodox Churches, it appears that Christ embraces the faithful gathered in the church. This is certainly another reality conveyed to us, i.e. Christ embraces the whole creation. He is the Creator of the Universe. He is the Redeemer of the Universe. To face our Creator means to repent and find out who we are. When we look at His image, we see what we were made to be, bearers of the divine image. This lifelong process is called theosis (deification), becoming Christ like by grace, not nature.

Annunciation: Luke 1:26-38, Matthew 1:21; Isaiah 7:14

St. Archangel Gabriel was sent to Nazareth to announce the Good News, the Incarnation, to Mary. He greeted her with the words: “Fear not, Mary: For thou hast found favor with God, and behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Jesus.” (St. Luke 1:30-31) During her conversation with Archangel Gabriel, Mary favorably responded by accepting God’s will: “And Mary said, behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word.” (St. Luke 1:38) By accepting God’s will, Mary becomes a mediator between heaven and earth; she has done what Eve of old failed to do, therefore Mary is referred to as the New Eve.

Nativity of our Lord: Isaiah 7:14; Matthew 1:18-25; Luke 2:1:7; John 1:1-18

In this fresco, the Holy Mother of God is depicted half sitting, leaning over her newborn child, Emanuel. The child is wrapped in the swaddling cloths lying in the crib that looks more like a grave. In this, we see the mystery of Incarnation, but also the mystery of sacrifice, i.e. Christ’s death on the cross. Above Mary are angels singing: “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.” (Luke 2:14) Below Mary and the Child is Joseph resting his chin in his arm. On the top left side are the three wise men offering their gifts to the new Born King: “And when they were come into the house, they saw the young child with Mary his mother, and fell down, and worshipped him: and when they had opened their treasures, they presented unto him gifts: gold, and frankincense, and myrrh.” (Matthew 2:11)

Theophany of our Lord: Matthew 3: 13-17; Mark 1:9-11; Luke 3:21-22, John 1:32-34, Psalm 2:7; Isaiah 42:1; 2 Peter 1:17

The Theophany or Epiphany is another major Feast day in the Liturgical calendar of the Orthodox Church. Theophany (manifestation or revelation of God) or Epiphany (revelation) is celebrated on January 6 (Julian calendar). In this fresco, we see Christ standing in the Jordan River having St. John the Baptist on his left and angels on the right side assisting Christ. The Holy Trinity is manifested on this Feast day, Christ was in the Jordan River, and the Holy Spirit was descending upon him, and God the Father spoke. “And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway, out of the water: and lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him: And a voice from heaven, saying, this is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.” (Matthew 3:16-17) By descending into water, Christ sanctifies it, but immediately comes out for he had no need for cleansing.

Transfiguration of our Lord: Matthew 17:1-9; Mark 9:2-10; Luke 9:28-36, 2 Peter 1:1-21

The Transfiguration is one of twelve major Feast days; it is celebrated on August 6. From the synoptic Gospels we learn that Christ took his three disciples, Peter, James, and John to Tabor Mountain, and surrounded with Moses and Elijah, he transfigured. Prophets Elijah and Moses where present, because the former stands for all the prophets, while the latter stands for the law. They were conversing about the forthcoming events in Jerusalem. The Greek word for transfiguration is metamorphosis, meaning to progress from one state of being into another. Here too, as in the Theophany, the voice of the God Father was heard: “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him.” (Matthew 17:5) The transfiguration feast is the revelation of Christ’s Divine nature, manifestation of the Trinity, and the confirmation of the continuity between the Old and New Testament.

Entry of Jesus Christ into Jerusalem: Matthew 21:1-11; Mark 11:1-11; Luke 19:28-40; John 12:12-19; Psalm 118:25-26; Zechariah 9:9, 14:4; 2 Kings 9:13

The entry of Jesus Christ into Jerusalem, or Palm Sunday, is one of the twelve major Feast days. It was foretold by Prophet Zechariah: “Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion, shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.” (Zechariah 9:9) This fresco, according to St. John Cassian (365-435) can be interpreted on four different levels. The first level is literal referring to the historic event; Christ entered a Jewish capital, Jerusalem, riding a donkey. The second level is allegorical or typological in which Jerusalem stands for the Church that Christ established by his death and resurrection. On the moral or tropological level, Jerusalem stands for the individual soul that received Christ in baptism. The last analogical level, Jerusalem refers to the eternal abodes in the world to come – the heavenly Jerusalem.

Resurrection of Jesus Christ-The Descent into Hades: Matthew 28:1-10; Mark 16:1-8; Luke 24:1-12; John 20:1-10; Psalm 16:10; Acts 2:27-32, 33-35, Psalm 56:13, 116:8, 1 Peter 3:19; 4:6

The Resurrection of Christ or Pascha is the Feast of Feasts. Christ is depicted in white clothes pulling our ancestors, Adam and Eve, out of Hades. Beneath him, the gates of hell are shattered and nails and locks are clearly visible. Death could not have kept Christ captive. On either side of Christ, we can see the righteous from the Old Testament who also heard the Good News preached to them by Christ. “By which also he went and preached unto the spirits in prison.” (1 Peter 3:19)

Ascension of our Lord: Mark 16:19-20; Luke 24: 50-53; Acts: 1:9-11; John 20:17; Ephesians 4:8

In this icon, Jesus Christ is depicted above his disciples and his holy mother. He is being carried by one angel on either side. He is surrounded with mandorla, which stands for his divinity and glorified state. His disciples below are looking up and two angels speak to them: “Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? This same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven.” (Acts 1:11) The ascension Feast day marks the end of Christ’s earthly life, beginning of the Church epoch, and the expectation of Christ’s second glorious coming.


The fresco work

Holy Trinity Orthodox Christian Church
Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate, Butte, MT

Source: http://www.holytrinitybutte.org/

Thursday, November 19, 2009